Rozprawa naukowa nr 441

Specyfiką polskiej gospodarki leśnej jest istnienie dominującego podmiotu gospodarczego kreującego podaż surowca na rynku drzewnym – Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe (PGL LP). Działanie PGL LP w warunkach rynkowych charakteryzujących się dużą zmiennością wymaga od osób zarządzających podejmowania szybkich i trafnych decyzji. Decyzje te, aby mogły być podjęte prawidłowo i szybko, muszą mieć podstawę w pełnych i rzetelnych informacjach: syntetycznych i szczegółowych. Uzyskane informacje powinny umożliwić sformułowanie zarówno działań strategicznych, tj. określających położenie podmiotu gospodarczego w istniejącym układzie gospodarczym, jak i operacyjnych (taktycznych) pozwalających na zlokalizowanie i likwidację niepożądanych odchyleń od zaplanowanych parametrów.

W odniesieniu do powyższych spostrzeżeń postanowiono przeanalizować i poddać ocenie wybrane procesy związane bezpośrednio i pośrednio z rynkiem drewna okrągłego. W tej ocenie, z uwagi na marketingowe powiązania, wzięto pod uwagę zmiany zachodzące zarówno w obszarze handlowej działalności głównego dostawcy drewna (PGL LP), jak i na rynkach wtórnych. W opracowaniu zostały zestawione i ocenione zmiany wybranych procesów w gospodarce leśnej i w powiązanych z nią gałęzaich przemysłowych. Na podstawie wykonanych badań obejmujących zarówno merytoryczną ocenę zmian legislacyjnych, jak i empirię związaną z dynamiką i tempem zmian wybranych parametrów gospodarczych podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia przebiegu procesów implikujących marketingowe zmiany w leśnictwie.

[fragmenty książki]

1. Wstęp

2. Cel i zakres badań

3. Przegląd literatury

4. Metodyka

5. WYniki badań
5.1. Zmiany rozwiązań legislacyjnych związanych ze sprzedażą drewna
5.2. Zmiany wybranych elementów produkcji drewna na pniu i przy pniu
5.3. Zmiany rozmiaru użytkowania lasu
5.4. Zmiany wielkości i kierunku zużycia wyrobów przemysłu drzewnego i papierniczego
5.5. Zmiany cen drewna i wyrobów przemysłu drzewnego
5.6. Zmiany kosztów produkcji drewna przy pniu
5.7. Cenowa elastyczność popytu na surowiec drzewny
5.8. Korelacja zmian wybranych marketingowych elementów gospodarki leśnej i przemysłu drzewnego
5.9. Zmiany w międzynarodowej wymianie produktów na rynku drzewnym

6. Dyskusja

7. Podsumowanie i wnioski

Literatura

Summary

A number of both legislative and marketing changes have been observed recently in forest economy connected with raw wood commerce. Information is regarded as one of most important resources of every economical subject in contemporary economy. The demand for information supporting the process of decision taking is increasing in modern forestry. It corresponds most importantly to the market activity decisions. It was decided, in relation to the above mentioned observations, that evaluation and analysis of selected processes, directly and indirectly related to roundwood market, would be undertaken. The evaluation, owing to the marketing connections, focused on the changes taking place in the area of both commercial activity of the main Polish wood supplier (PG LP – Polish State Forests) and those occurring in  secondary markets. The thesis presents a collection and evaluation of the selected processes from the field of forest economy and the economy-related branches of industry. An attempt was undertaken to clarify the course of the processes implying marketing changes in forestry, on the basis of the carried out research embracing both the substantial evaluation of the legislative changes, as well as empiricism connected with the dynamics and pace of changes of the selected economical parameters. Basing on the conclusions drawn from the outputs of the carried out research, as well as on the broad discussion, taking into consideration the opinions of both Polish and foreign experts in the field in focus, some changes were pointed to that may occur in the Polish forest economy. A suggestion was also indicated of changes in the area of legislation and organisation, as well as economy, connected with marketing components of forest economy.

Changes in the following areas have been discussed in detail in the work: legislative solutions connected with raw wood sale, selected elements of standing timber and timber production, size of forest use, as well as changes in the area of the size and direction of wood and paper industry products' use. Wood prices and wood industry products, alongside with the changes of timber production costs, were also analysed. Price analysis was completed with the investigations of the price wood demand flexibility.

The research process utilized, in order to present the change dynamics, the homoba­ sic change index analysis, as well as change catenary indices of the analysed elements. The logarithmic method of the researched changes pace evaluation was utilized in order to carry out a complete evaluation of the changes occurring in forest economy, as well as in wood industry. The work also indicates the existing relationships between selec­ ted processes occurring in forestry and wood industry in Poland. The most important strength measure of the rectilinear relation between two measurable features is Pearson's linear correlation coefficient r, that is why it was used in evaluation of the investigated changes relation. The undertaken research of the process of wood market international products exchange constituted a completion of the complex investigations on the Polish wood market.

The thesis aimed at explaining exceptionally complex conditions of both formal-legal, social and economical nature in agreement with the accepted methodological assumptions in the field of production and raw wood trade both on local and international markets. The obtained research results were subjected to a logical analysis and evaluation, which resulted in constructing the following remarks and conclusions:

1. Legislative changes connected with wood sale, taking place in Poland after 1991 aimed at gradual introduction of market principles based on the phenomenon of wood recipients competition.
2. Gradual increase in the Polish forests productivity, as well as growth of raw wood harvest in Poland were observed during the investigated period. The pace of the occurring changes in raw wood harvesting and sale in Poland, exceeded the pace of changes in the field in Europe and worldwide.
3. Commercial processes connected with both raw wood harvesting and sale were carried out observing the principles of pro ecological character of forest economy. An increase in wood harvest, simultaneous with a growth in the forest area, as well as enriching general and unitary forests wealth were noticed in the period in focus.
4. Pace of positive changes in the range of raw wood harvest was slower than the production and sale pace of wood and cellulose industry products.
5. Raw wood prices increase pace was faster than wood products prices growth pace.
6. Price flexibility of demand for raw wood was changing in successive years. An insignificant influence of raw wood prices changes on harvest level was found due to the variability of the obtained results. Thus, low flexibility of roundwood market was stated.
7. There was an average correlation found between raw wood harvest changes and wood assortments prices changes. The highest correlation between the price and size of raw wood sale was observed for medium-dimension deciduous wood of class S2 and coniferous wood of class S4, while the lowest for large-dimension deciduous raw wood of class W1.
8. Strong correlation was found between size changes of raw wood harvest and those in the production size. While comparing the correlation of wood harvest size changes with the size of wood products used both in industry and civil engineering, it was found that the correlation was higher in industry.
9. Changes of raw wood prices showed an average influence on wood industry products prices. Changes of prices in furniture industry were not correlated with raw wood prices changes. Only weak and average correlation of prices changes in relation to the prices changes of large-dimension assortment of class W1 was observed in this branch of industry.
10. Correlation of harvesting costs changes and raw wood skidding, and direct costs related to tree felling and wood products assortment manufacturing with raw wood price changes was defined as strong.
11. Pace of wood harvesting cost increase was faster than the pace of raw wood price increase.
12. International commodity exchange on the roundwood market was gaining more and more importance in the analysed period.

A distinct increase in wood import was observed. The level of the Polish raw wood import changed in the direction and pace that characterised the changes taking place in the European raw wood market. The correlation of the changes was very strong. The process of searching a new model of raw wood sale on wood market in Poland has not been completed yet. It univocally follows from the carried out research that, on the one hand, the model should meet the expectations of wood industry entrepreneurs and, on the other, it should secure further maintenance and increase of Polish forests resources.

Continuation of the investigations analysing the Polish wood market changes is a ne­cessity since there is an obligation to respect the economical changes related to forestry and wood industry; the changes have to be observed by the administrative units of the Polish State Forests.
The author expresses his hope that the carried out research, obtained results and the knowledge resulting from them will bring about comprehension of the changes occur­ring within the wood market, as well as provide for working out of optimum wood sale principles.